The embodiment of the invention discloses an access resource adjustment method. The access resource adjustment method comprises the steps of acquiring a channel collision rate within a preset time period according to a channel idle ratio and a channel bit error rate in the preset time period; acquiring the ratio of current signaling access resources in system access resources; and adjusting signalling access resources allocated to a terminal according to the channel collision rate and the ratio of the current signalling access resources in the system access resources. According to the method, signalling access resources allocated to the terminal can be dynamically adjusted, and the signalling access resources allocated to the terminal by a master station is enabled to be applicable to different application scenarios, so that the performance of a communication system is improved. Furthermore, the embodiment of the invention also discloses an access resource adjustment device.