The invention relates to a circulating dephosphorization steel-making method for removing phosphorus slag through gasification of a converter. The method comprises the following stages: (1) slag-splashing furnace-protecting gasification dephosphorization; (2) iron mixing and material adding, namely mixing steel scrap and molten iron into an inclined converter so as to increase the scrap ratio of the converter, lowering a gun of the converter to blow oxygen, and adding first-batch slag, wherein the gun level is relatively low in the earlier smelting stage so as to increase the use amount of limestone of the converter; (3) oxygen-blowing slagging smelting, namely efficiently removing phosphorus in the molten steel at a low temperature in the earlier smelting stage of the converter, and continuously carrying out oxygen-blowing slagging deep dephosphorization in the middle and later smelting stages; (4) carbon catching and slag pouring, namely pouring out partial high-phosphorus slag during carbon catching at a destination; and (5) destination control and steel tapping, namely carrying out steel tapping after the content and temperature of the molten steel are proper, and circularly carrying out the stages for several times. According to the method, the slag remaining proportion before slag splashing is increased, and the slag is not discharged after being splashed; by utilizing the heat of remained slag and a slag-splashing layer, the scrap ratio is increased, and the use amount of steel scrap is increased; limestone is utilized for replacing partial lime for steelmaking, so that the lime consumption is reduced; the loss of the iron in the slag is reduced, and the metal yield is high.