The invention discloses a nuclear explosion earthquake event identification method. The method is characterized by, to begin with, selecting an appropriate earthquake monitoring station as a nuclear explosion earthquake event identification station; intercepting time series data, within a certain time period, of a vertical channel of the station; according to feature difference in time domain and frequency domain as well as comprehensive feature difference in time-frequency domain of the natural earthquake and the nuclear explosion earthquake, selecting waveform complexity criterion, spectrum ratio criterion and comprehensive ratio criterion as basic criteria; and finally, through evidence combination based on the D-S evidence theory, obtaining probability obtained after the criteria are combined, and comparing the probability of each event to determine the type of an event. The method can effectively and correctly provide the identification result of the nuclear explosion earthquake event through an evidence combination method based on the D-S evidence theory; and under the condition where a single criterion is ineffective, the method can still give a correct identification conclusion.