The invention provides user equipment, an uplink data transmission method, a base station and an uplink scheduling method. The uplink data transmission method comprises the following steps: receiving and storing more than two kinds of uplink scheduling parameter configuration information sent by the base station; receiving an MAC layer control signal sent by the base station, and analyzing uplink scheduling parameter configuration information selected by the base station from the more than two kinds of uplink scheduling parameter configuration information from the MAC layer control signal or a downlink control signal; and when available unauthorized frequency resources are monitored, adopting the selected uplink scheduling parameter configuration information, and performing uplink data transmission through the unauthorized frequency resources. By adoption of the uplink data transmission method provided by the scheme, the user equipment can successfully use the unauthorized frequency resources to perform the uplink data transmission, and thus the utilization rate of wireless resources is improved.