The invention discloses a method for achieving plasticity parameter parametric inversion recognition of a welding nuclear area material. The method comprises the following steps: testing the Vickers hardness of a material to be tested so as to obtain force-depth data, establishing a fitness optimization function, performing parameter optimization on a particle group algorithm according to the fitness optimization function, and performing recognition by using the optimized particle group algorithm, thereby obtaining optimal fitting plasticity parameters of the material to be tested. By adopting the method, the recognition precision and efficiency of plasticity parameters of materials can be remarkably improved, and a foundation can be made for improving the CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) simulation precision of a welding point structure.