The invention discloses a band knife type fabric cutting machine. The machine comprises a rack, a left band knife disc, a right band knife disc, a lower band knife disc, a knife sharpening device, a fabric pressing device, fabric cutting band knives, a left band knife disc shielding device and a right band knife disc shielding device, wherein a worktable and a cantilever support are arranged at the upper part of the rack; the cantilever support comprises a right band knife disc shaft base support column, a band knife protecting tube fixed arm and a left band knife disc shaft base support column; the knife sharpening device is fixed at the bottom of the left band knife disc shaft base support column; the fabric pressing device is fixed onto the knife sharpening device; the fabric cutting band knives are placed on the left and right band knife discs as well as the lower band knife disc in a sleeving manner; the left band knife disc shielding device is arranged on the left band knife disc shaft base support column; and the right band knife disc shielding device is arranged on a band knife tightening adjustment device. The band knife tightening adjustment device is characterized by comprising a shaft base box, a guide rod, a shaft base box screw rod, a guide rod left connecting plate, a guide rod right connecting plate and an adjusting hand wheel; the left band knife disc shielding device comprises a left band knife disc guard shield fixed plate and a left band knife disc guard shield; and the right band knife disc shielding device comprises a right band knife disc guard shield fixed plate and a right band knife disc guard shield. The structure of the band knife type fabric cutting machine is simple, the security is ensured, and the economical efficiency is achieved, and reasonable tightening degree of the fabric cutting band knives is ensured.