The invention discloses a preparation method of a structure reversible and convertible one-dimensional manganese oxide and an intercalated metal hydroxide thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of nano-materials. According to the preparation method, a one-dimensional nano-structure metal oxide is prepared by virtue of one-dimensional structure stability of the metal oxide, an intercalation material is prepared by inserting the metal hydroxide into the one-dimensional nano-structure metal oxide, and finally, the metal hydroxide is replaced with ammonia water, so as to restore a one-dimensional nano-metal oxide. A method for restoring the one-dimensional nano-metal oxide by extracting the metal hydroxide by virtue of ammonia water is developed for the first time. The preparation method is simple in process and low in cost, and the industrial large-scale production can be realized.