The invention discloses a preparation method of a special bio-organic fertilizer for traditional Chinese medicinal materials and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The bio-organic fertilizer is mainly prepared through full mixed fermentation of lignite, tea dregs, lignite wax resin and a composite microbial agent. The special bio-organic fertilizer is capable of effectively improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the absorption and transformation capacity of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and strengthening the disease resistance and stress resistance of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, thereby improving the yield and the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Meanwhile, the special bio-organic fertilizer has the characteristics of being nontoxic, high in activity, and lasting in fertilizer efficiency and is a high-quality environment-friendly fertilizer suitable for growth of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. In addition, the special bio-organic fertilizer is wide in raw material source, easy to industrialize and wide in application prospect.