The invention relates to the technical field of solid oil fouling waste treatment, and discloses a solid oil fouling waste treatment system and a solid oil fouling waste treatment method. The solid oil fouling waste treatment system comprises a thermal desorption device, a condensing system and an oil-water separation system which are sequentially arranged; the thermal desorption device is used for heating solid oil fouling wastes conveyed in an inner cavity of the thermal desorption device so as to realize thermal desorption; the condensing system is used for carrying out oil-gas separation on an oil-gas mixture obtained in a thermal desorption process of the solid oil fouling wastes; the oil-water separation system is used for separating an oil-water mixture obtained after oil-gas separation is finished. The solid oil fouling waste treatment system and the solid oil fouling waste treatment method can be used for treating the solid oil fouling wastes so as to obtain residues, which can be discharged, usable oil and reusable water, thus realizing green and harmless treatment and resource recycling of the solid oil fouling wastes such as oil sludge; furthermore, the system and the method do not produce dust pollution, oil pollution, air pollution and water pollution, thus having remarkable environmental protection benefit and social benefit.