The invention discloses a method for efficient impurity removal and palladium extraction of a scraped car tail gas purification catalyst. The method at least comprises the following steps that (1) powder of the scraped car tail gas purification catalyst is subjected to dissolution leaching through leaching liquid and then filtered, and filter liquid is taken; (2) the filter liquid obtained through treatment of the step (1) is subjected to anion exchange resin treatment, and impurity cations existing in the filter liquid are removed; (3) through multi-sulfur organic matter, mixed liquid obtained in the step (2) is subjected to rhodium sedimentation treatment; and (4) soluble ammonium salt is added into residual liquid obtained through heavy rhodium treatment, and palladium sedimentation treatment is conducted. Through the method, the scraped car tail gas purification catalyst is treated, so that the leaching rate of palladium is high, and the final extraction purity is up to 98% or over; and the method is simple in process, low in cost, environmentally friendly and suitable for application and promotion.