The invention relates to CNTs/Cu (Carbon Nanotubes/Cu) composite powder and a preparation method of a CNTs/Cu composite material, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of a new material and a metal composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, performing heating reflux treatment on CNTs and mixed acid; adding CNTs after acid mixing treatment into an aqueous solution containing a surface dispersant, performing intermittent ultrasonic dispersion, and further performing centrifugal separation to obtain a supernatant CNTs stable dispersion liquid; adding the obtained CNTs stable dispersion liquid into the basic liquid of acidic copper sulfate for ultrasonic dispersion, wherein the concentration of CuSO4 in the basic liquid of acidic copper sulfate is 5-50 g/L, and the concentration of H2SO4 is 50-200 g/L; performing electrochemical deposition on the cathode to obtain the CNTs/Cu composite powder with a network structure, and adopting periodic powder scraping in the electrodeposition process; and further performing vacuum hot-pressing sintering and cold rolling deformation on the CNTs/Cu composite powder to obtain the high-strength and high-conductivity CNTs/Cu composite material with a network aligned arrangement structure. According to the CNTs/Cu composite powder and the preparation method of the CNTs/Cu composite material, the tensile strength of the composite material is 520 MPa, and the conductivity is greater than 91% IACS.