The invention provides a fault-passing tunnel excavation simulating experimental device. Short steel plates hinged in pairs are used for simulating nonuniform surrounding rock pressure caused by bulk density difference or elevation difference of a surrounding rock. The hinged short steel plates can transfer a shearing force but not transfer a bending moment, so that the possibility of producing shearing damage due to sudden pressure change is avoided while the nonuniform surrounding rock pressure is simulated; through a gauze, the thickness and the dip angle of a fault can be flexibly controlled, so that an actual fault model is accorded better, and especially in a loose and soft fault, the simulating effect is more obvious; horseshoe-shaped soft rubber pads at the two ends of a tunnel lining model not only can prevent a surrounding rock material from entering the tunnel, but also can prevent occurrence of a phenomenon that the tunnel lining model is damaged or tempered glass is cracked due to concentrated stress caused by direct contact between a tunnel structure and the tempered glass on the front and back sides under the action of a pressure. The fault-passing tunnel excavation simulating experimental device can research quantitative influence of the geological fault on the tunnel by controlling a single variable.