The invention discloses an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access method based on a power and code word joint domain. The uplink non-orthogonal multiple access method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, allocating different pre-coding matrixes to users; 2, making the users determine transmission power according to amplitude information of own channel responses; and 3, performing user detection and signal recovery by using an iteration algorithm, and performing successive interference cancellation in an iteration process. Specific to the problem of sparse signal reconstruction of large-scale user access, the user overload rate can be increased extremely by the uplink non-orthogonal multiple access method without central scheduling of a base station.