The invention discloses a wireless sensor network fault-tolerant topology establishment method. The method comprises the following steps of S1, in a topology initialization phase, finishing initialization work by each node; S2, selecting the lowest and second lowest energy paths and determining a new transmission radius according to the distance between the node and an adjacent node in the lowest and second lowest energy paths; and S3, adjusting node transmitting power and forming an energy consumption effective fault-tolerant topology. According to the method, the fault tolerance and the energy effectivity of the topology are taken into consideration, when the topology is established, the lowest and second lowest energy paths are established between any two adjacent nodes selected from an initial topology, then the node transmitting power is adjusted, it is ensured that two disjoint paths exist between the nodes, and the energy is effective.