The invention relates to a trough type solar energy condensing reflection mirror installation and detection method. The trough type solar energy condensing reflection mirror installation and detection method comprises steps of arranging a camera on a telescopic support, wherein the camera can be rotated in a vertical direction, fixing the position of the support and measuring a straight line distance between a central position of a reflection mirror and the support, regulating a camera support height and a camera angle, making the central point of the camera directly face to the central part of the reflection mirror while guaranteeing that the camera is horizontal, wherein a heat collection pipe is in a center position of the image and the upper breadth and the lower breadth of the reflection mirror are in an image and the position of the heat collection pipe is a shooting start position, collecting N images, performing pre-processing on the images, performing image segmentation, and performing result analysis on a calculated theoretic position of the heat collection pipe. The trough type solar energy condensing reflection mirror installation and detection method uses a digital camera to shoot the reflection mirror and the heat collection pipe to obtain a series of images under different angles and calculates the theoretical position of the heat collection pipe through the reflection image. Finally, the heat collection pipe theoretic position and a practical difference value are used as a determination basis for determining whether the reflection mirror is correctly installed.