The invention provides a self-propelled dusting sterilizer belonging to the field of agricultural machinery. The self-propelled dusting sterilizer comprises a storage hopper, a dusting drum, a rack, a transmission system, a storage battery and a walking device, wherein the storage hopper is used for storing lime; the storage battery is used for providing a motor with a power source; and the motor is used for driving the dusting drum to rotate to extrude powder, and is capable of completing dusting sterilization on cutworms and a fixed rearing rack, no dust is raised and the physical health of operating personnel is protected. The self-propelled dusting sterilizer is reasonable in structure and easy to manufacture; the dusting thickness and the travel speed of a machine can be controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the motor in the using process; the work efficiency is more than 10 times that of artificial dusting; and the self-propelled dusting sterilizer is relatively low in manufacturing cost and suitable for large-range promotion.