The invention discloses a method for prolonging service life of a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery comprises a negative current collector, a positive current collector and an electrode material. According to the method, the surface(s) of the negative current collector and/or the positive current collector are physically or/and chemically processed to improve adhesion performance between the surface(s) of the negative current collector and/or the positive current collector and the electrode material. According to the method disclosed by the invention, adhesion force between the electrode material and the current collectors are improved by changing the surface areas of the current collectors, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged; no pollution is generated, and cost is low; more importantly, the key is that prolonging the service life of the lithium ion battery has important value and social significance in solving waste lithium ion battery application and reducing waste battery pollution.