The invention discloses a method for assisting to breed a pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line based on leaf ligule colors. The method is that the pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line is bred according to color characters of leaf ligules in the breeding process of the pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line and specially comprises the steps that the pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line and a colorless-pericarp maize selfing line are adopted for hybridization and line breeding, seeds of a generation F1 are reserved through selfing, seeds of single purple-leaf-ligule reserved seedlings are reserved through selfing from a generation F2 according to the color characters of leaf ligules, planting is performed according to head progeny rows, consideration is given to selection of single plants having good phenotypic characters, a plurality of generations are selected through continuous selfing, and then the pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line can be obtained. Compared with the prior art, the method can promote the breeding process of the pericarp anthocyanin synthesized fresh maize selfing line, the working amount is decreased, and the breeding efficiency of colorful maize varieties is improved.