The invention discloses a water-breaking and backwashing valve. The water-breaking and backwashing valve comprises a valve seat. The valve seat is connected with a rotatable valve core which is attached to the upper surface of the valve seat. A first through hole is formed in the position, located in the rotating center of the valve core, of the valve seat. A second through hole and a third through hole are formed in the side, away from the first through hole, of the first through hole in sequence at intervals. The first through hole, the second through hole and the third through hole are located at the same straight line. A fourth through hole and a fifth through hole which are away from the first through hole in sequence are symmetrically formed in the other side of the first through hole. A first blind hole and a second blind hole are formed in the attached surface of the valve core and the valve seat, wherein the first through hole and the second through hole are covered with the first blind hole, and the fourth through hole and the fifth through hole are covered with the second blind hole. According to the water-breaking and backwashing valve and a filter, backwashing and water-breaking functions are achieved only by needing one valve, the structure is simple and compact, operation is easy, and water breaking and filter core replacing can be achieved easily.