The invention provides an automatic unhooking and hooking device based on hydraulic drive and a use method of the automatic unhooking and hooking device based on hydraulic drive. The automatic unhooking and hooking device based on hydraulic drive comprises a bearing head, an unhooking device and a hydraulic drive structure. The bearing head is connected with an engineering equipment component. The unhooking device comprises a lifting structure, a drive ring, stop blocks and a butt joint. The butt joint is connected with the lifting structure. The drive ring is in lap joint with the upper side of one end of each stop block, and the periphery of the butt joint is sleeved with the drive ring. The bearing head is in lap joint with the upper side of the other ends of the stop blocks. After the engineering equipment component is placed on a preset position, the stop blocks and the bearing head can be smoothly separated, and automatic separation of the unhooking device and the engineering equipment component is achieved. The hydraulic drive structure is connected with the drive ring of the unhooking device and used for providing a power source, so that the drive ring is driven to move in the vertical direction. The automatic unhooking and hooking device based on hydraulic drive can achieve automatic disengagement from the engineering equipment component, automatic unhooking and hooking of the engineering equipment component are convenient, unmanned automation can be really achieved, and the work efficiency and the work safety are improved. The use method of the automatic unhooking and hooking device based on hydraulic drive is simple, and operation is easy.