The invention discloses a driving mechanism of a variable distance turn lock of a special transport case lifting tool. The driving mechanism comprises a lead screw nut pair, two slide blocks, slide rails, two turn lock shafts, two turn lock shaft gears, a driving gear, a rack and rack guide supports, wherein nuts of the lead screw nut pair are fixedly arranged on the slide blocks; the slide blocks can move along the slide rails; the turn lock shafts are mounted at the lower ends of the slide blocks and can rotate on the slide blocks; the turn lock shaft gears are mounted on the turn lock shaft; the rack is a two-sided rack; the turn lock shaft gears are arranged on one side of the rack and engaged with the rack; the other side of the rack is engaged with the driving gear; the driving gear has no power input and is self-locked and static; the rack guide supports are arranged at the two ends of the rack; and the lead screw nut pair and the driving gear are connected with a power device. The driving mechanism of the variable distance turn lock of the special transport case lifting tool achieves a lifting task when the distance of lifting points of a container is changed; the lifting tool is not required to be replaced; and the service efficiency of the lifting tool is improved.