A sensor-based road bridge status monitoring method and system. The method comprises: acquiring first data collected by sensors, the sensors being located at pre-determined positions of a road bridge, and a number of sensors being greater than a minimum number of sensors required to monitor road bridge status (S101); sending second data which satisfy a pre-determined condition from among the first data to a server, the pre-determined condition being a collection time occurring within a pre-determined time range or a data value exceeding a pre-determined range (S102); according to the second data, determining a trend of a monitored indicator of road bridge status, matching the trend of the monitored indicator with a pre-determined standard model, and if matching fails, giving a warning notification (S103).