An internet of things-based cable working well intelligent supervision system of the present invention comprises a well cover which comprises a well cover state detection unit used for detecting the bad states of the well cover, wherein the bad states of the well cover comprise the movement and the damage; and a passive intelligent lock used for locking and fixing the well cover to the mouth of a well, and combining with a matching active key to form the electric connection to unlock the well cover; a or a plurality of underground environment detection unit which is arranged at the inner side of the well cover of a cable working well to detect the underground environmental data and can be communicated with the exterior wirelessly to send the underground environmental data; an electronic information identifier arranged on the well cover and used for reading to extract the relevant information of a cable stored in the working well, wherein the relevant information comprises the cable asset information and/or the cable usage information. The well cover in the system of the present invention can distinguish different bad states to adopt the corresponding measures, the underground data can be transmitted by the wireless communication, at the same time, the information of the cable can be obtained by reading the electronic information identifier, so that the patrol inspection is convenient.