The invention discloses a high-resolution geostationary orbit imaging satellite observation task planning method. In view of all-time demands of different users and inconsideration of conflict situations for satellite observation demands, imaging qualities of the satellite under different illumination conditions, satellite usage constraints, a satellite swinging route and the satellite observation capability, a high-resolution geostationary orbit imaging satellite earth observation task planning method based on a genetic algorithm is designed. In the method, firstly, the best observation time is set according to time requirements for the user observation demands; then, based on the satellite usage constraints, the genetic algorithm is called to arrange the observation demands; and finally, an observation scheme and a receiving scheme are generated. The method has the advantages of clearing imaging demand conflicts, satisfying the satellite constraints, giving full play to the satellite potential, optimizing the satellite imaging path, and satisfying the user observation demands in the best illumination condition.