The invention relates to a real-time bed sheet pattern recognition system, which comprises a bed sheet conveying belt, pattern recognition equipment, pattern matching equipment and real-time alarm equipment, wherein the bed sheet conveying belt is used for conveying a bed sheet to be conveyed in real time; the pattern recognition equipment is used for recognizing real-time patterns on the bed sheet to be conveyed; the pattern matching equipment is connected with the pattern recognition equipment, and is used for receiving the real-time patterns and comparing the real-time patterns with a preset reference pattern; and the real-time alarm equipment is connected with the pattern matching equipment, and is used for determining a corresponding alarm strategy based on output of the pattern matching equipment. By adopting the real-time pattern recognition system, the wrongly-printed pattern on the bed sheet can be found in time.