The invention discloses a two-dimensional rapid deflection table combining a sensing unit with a constraint element and a method. The deflection table comprises an X axis angle displacement sensing measurement device and a Y axis angle displacement sensing measurement device which are located between a micro-angle swinging platform and a base and further comprises four linear voice coil motors, and a double-axis flexible hinge is arranged on the lower surface of the micro-angle swinging platform. The X axis angle displacement sensing measurement device and the Y axis angle displacement sensing measurement device each comprise a rigid support, a pair of flexible metal beams which extend out relative to the two sides of the rigid support and mass blocks which are fixedly connected with the tail ends of the flexible metal beams correspondingly. The positions, nearby the root, of the upper surface and the lower surface of each flexible metal beam are provided with electric resistance strain gauges in an attachment mode. The first voice coil motor and the third voice coil motor are oppositely arranged with the same specification and form a first actuator set. The second voice coil motor and the fourth voice coil motor are oppositely arranged with the same specification and are perpendicular to the first actuator set in a crossing mode. The voice coil motors are adopted for driving to achieve large angular travel, the constraint rigidity of the deflection table is improved through the flexible metal beams, and the mechanism stability is improved; and meanwhile, the deflection table serves as the sensing unit to perform real-time measurement of double-axis deflection angles in a strain feedback mode.