The invention provides an energy storage battery grid-connected operation control method and an energy storage battery grid-connected operation control device based on a power converter system. The energy storage battery grid-connected operation control method comprises the steps of: firstly, calculating a complex power reference value, a power factor reference value, complex power and a power factor of the power converter system; secondly, calculating a grid-connected current reference value of an energy storage battery; and finally, determining a modulated wave signal of the energy storage battery, modulating the modulated wave signal by means of SPWM, further acquiring a switch signal used for controlling the power converter system, and realizing grid-connected operation control of the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery grid-connected operation control method and the energy storage battery grid-connected operation control device realize the grid-connected operation control of the energy storage battery, harmonic content in a grid-connected current of the energy storage battery is few and cannot cause deterioration of a grid-connected voltage of the energy storage battery, and the control effect is good; and the control of active power and reactive power output by the power converter system is realized, and the grid-connected current can still be maintained as a sine wave with good quality in a weak grid environment with poor quality of the grid-connected voltage, thereby avoiding further reduction of the quality of the grid voltage.