The invention provides an adaptive state early warning system and method of working conditions of an oil transmission pump. The method comprises steps of carrying out online acquisition on characteristic parameters of operation working stations and deterioration states of the oil transmission pump, wherein the characteristic parameters comprise working condition characteristic parameters and deterioration state representation parameters; carrying out related analysis on the deterioration state representation parameters to acquire related coefficients between the deterioration state representation parameters; according to the related coefficients and the working condition characteristic parameters, dividing the working conditions of the oil transmission pump into multiple working condition sub-spaces, determining deterioration state representation signals of the working condition sub-spaces from history operation data of the oil transmission pump, and carrying out characteristic extraction and fusion on the deterioration state representation signals to acquire a deterioration evaluation index in each working condition sub-space; and according to the deterioration evaluation index in each working condition sub-space, predicating a deterioration state value in each working condition sub-space of the oil transmission pump in real time, comparing the deterioration state values with a corresponding alarming threshold and if the deterioration state values exceed the alarming threshold, outputting corresponding alarming information. According to the invention, deterioration states of the oil transmission pump can be precisely predicated under variable operation working conditions.