The invention discloses a turbine-pressure separation energy storage type engine pressurization system, and belongs to the technical field of engines. In the turbine-pressure separation energy storage type engine pressurization system, a storage battery, a rectification filter circuit, a generator, a turbine, an engine exhaust pipe, an engine, an engine intake pipe, an electric drive air compressor and a high power density direct current motor are in series connection; a thermoelectric conversion module group adsorbs to the outer wall of the engine exhaust pipe; an electric quantity detection module is arranged between the storage battery and a control module; an engine rotation speed sensor is arranged at the output end of the engine; an air inlet temperature sensor and an air inlet pressure sensor are arranged on the engine intake pipe; the engine rotation speed sensor, the air inlet temperature sensor and the air inlet pressure sensor are connected with the control module; and the storage battery, the rectification filter circuit and the high power density direct current motor are controlled through the control module. According to the turbine-pressure separation energy storage type engine pressurization system, the air inlet pressurization process of the engine is flexible and controllable through decoupling of the turbine and the air compressor, the problems of turbo lag during low rotation speed of an exhaust turbine mechanism, and blocking, surging and stalling of the air compressor during high rotation speed of the exhaust turbine mechanism can be solved, and surplus energy of exhaust gases under whole working conditions can be utilized more sufficiently through the turbine and temperature difference power generation.