The invention discloses a road monitoring device facilitating replacement of an illumination lamp. The road monitoring device comprises a lamp holder. A monitoring device body is mounted on the lamp holder. The lamp holder is of a hollow structure. A conveying device is mounted in the lamp holder in the length direction of the lamp holder. A lamp base is mounted on the conveying device. The illumination lamp is mounted on the lamp base. An illumination lamp light-emitting opening is formed in the side face of the upper portion of the lamp holder. An illumination lamp taking/putting opening is formed in the side face of the lower portion of the lamp holder. When the illumination lamp needs to be replaced, the conveying device is controlled to convey the illumination lamp to the illumination lamp taking/putting opening, an operator takes down the illumination lamp required to be replaced from the lamp base and mounts a new illumination lamp, and then the conveying device is controlled to convey the illumination lamp to the illumination lamp light-emitting opening. The device is simple in structure, the high-altitude work is not needed when the illumination lamp is replaced, and the personal safety of operators is guaranteed fundamentally.