The invention discloses a tracking table-based engineering data synchronous management system and management method. The management system comprises an APP client. The APP client comprises an intelligent mobile APP client and a PC desktop APP client. The intelligent mobile APP client carries out the field acquisition of information and metadata and then uploads the acquired data. The PC desktop APP client provides the process and flow dividing function and completes the automatic table establishment based on the acquired data so as to realize the automatic filling of data in an engineering data tracking table. A cloud data service is connected with each APP client through an interface and prompts the storage and service forwarding service of information metadata. A data on-line inspection and tracking management system is connected with each APP client and the cloud data service, realizes the inspection through the data on-line inspection and tracking management system, guides and tracks the tracking table of an engineering data reporting program, and timely feeds back problems found during the tracking and inspecting process to the APP client to rectify the problems at the same time. In this way, the dynamic management of engineering data is achieved. The management efficiency and the management level are improved.