The invention discloses a simple and efficient method for identifying an origin place of yam based on Sr isotope, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting a yam sample to be tested; (2) taking a very small amount of the sample, and directly digesting and evaporating to dry; (3) using ion exchange resin for purification of a Sr isotope sample; (4) using a mass spectrometer to test to obtain a Sr isotope ratio; and (5) identifying the origin place of the yam by use of the Sr isotope ratio. Compared with the prior art, the use amount of the sample is reduced by 4 orders of magnitude, so that the sample can be directly digested with a small amount of nitric acid, necessary cleaning, milling, drying, microwave digestion, high-temperature ashing and other extremely-cumbersome sample pre-treatment processes can be avoided, sample analysis and testing efficiency can be greatly improved, possibility of contamination of the sample is significantly reduced, and the accuracy of the sample analysis can be increased.