The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical and chemical processes, and particularly relates to a treatment system for smelting high-sulfur-content tailings. The treatment system for smelting the high-sulfur-content tailings comprises a raw material supply system, a pretreatment system, a reaction system, a smoke treatment system and a dry material bin. According to the treatment system for smelting high-sulfur-content tailings, the process is smooth, the structure is complete, and the requirement for large-scale continuous treatment of various types of high-sulfur-content tailings and mixtures of the high-sulfur-content tailings can be met; and the problems that a large quantity of solid tailings accumulate and valuable metal cannot be recovered easily are solved.