The invention discloses a composite rockwool panel with flexible surface layers and a preparation method of the composite rockwool panel, belonging to the technical field of building insulation materials. The composite rockwool panel with the flexible surface layers has a stratified structure, which comprises one flexible surface layer, a bonding layer, a middle insulating layer, a bonding layer and the other flexible surface layer from bottom to top; the middle insulating layer and the flexible surface layers are connected by the bonding layers; the middle insulating layer is made from rock wool, the bonding layers are made from foam polyurethane, and the flexible surface layers are made from a cement coating glassfiber mat or cement coating cloth. The invention also provides the preparation method of the composite rockwool panel with the flexible surface layers. Compared with a composite rockwool panel in the prior art, the composite rockwool panel provided by the invention has the advantages that the heat conductivity coefficient is low, the binding is firm, and the dampproof and crack-proof properties are realized; furthermore, the simple preparation process of the composite rockwool panel allows assembly line large-scale production.