The invention discloses a novel submerged buoy data acquisition system. The novel submerged buoy data acquisition system comprises a battery cabin, a main control processor, a GPS receiver, a gigabit Ethernet interface module and a plurality of data acquisition plates; the GPS receiver is connected with the main control processor; the main control processor is connected with an upper computer through the gigabit Ethernet interface module; each data acquisition plate comprises a water listening sensor, a front end drive circuit, an AD conversion circuit, a clock module, a DA conversion circuit, an FPGA, an ARM processor and a storage module; the water listening sensor is connected with the AD conversion circuit via the front end drive circuit; the AD conversion circuit is connected with the FPDG; the FPGA is connected with the ARM processor; the storage module is connected with the ARM processor; the DA conversion circuit and the FPGA are connected with the clock module; the clock module is connected with the FPGA; the ARM processor is connected with the main control processor. The acquisition performance of the novel submerged buoy data acquisition system is improved, and synchronous acquisition and control of the whole system are realized.