The invention discloses a matched receiving device of an electromagnetic wave receiving-while-drilling antenna. The matched receiving device comprises a front-end matched receiving module and a remote processing module, wherein the front-end matched receiving module is arranged on the outer surface of a drill collar at the end of a receiving antenna and is used for receiving an electromagnetic wave signal and synthesizing the electromagnetic wave signal before amplification and transmission; and the remote processing module is arranged in the drill collar far away from the receiving antenna and is used for receiving an output signal of the front-end matched receiving module through a coaxial cable, decomposing the output signal, and simultaneously providing the front-end matched receiving module with a power supply signal. According to the matched receiving device, the problem that the signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates due to signal attenuation caused by long-distance transmission in the prior art is solved, the quality of an electromagnetic wave signal is ensured and the electromagnetic wave detection-while-drilling accuracy is improved.