The invention discloses a dynamic lightning protection method, which comprises the steps of carrying out real-time lightning detection; tracking a thunderstorm position; and carrying out dynamic lightning protection control on a power grid according to a power grid control strategy, wherein the power grid control strategy comprises one or more of the following strategies of (1) optimizing the operation mode of the power grid, changing a power flow path of the power grid and preventing the power flow of the power grid from passing through an area threatened by lightning; (2) adjusting the power flow of the power grid, reducing the power flow on a power transmission path in the area threatened by lightning and increasing the power flow on the power transmission path in a security area; and (3) carrying out nonlinear control through a generator/generation unit, dynamically controlling a power supply to control power flow output of the power grid and increasing power output in the security area. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a dynamic lightning protection system. Dynamic lightning protection is achieved by combining real-time lightning tracking with power grid stability calculation according to one or more control strategies.