The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength dense titanium alloy-ceramic biological composite material, and relates to the field of composite materials and medical materials. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: titanium alloy powder and ceramic oxide powder are mixed according to a set proportion and then subjected to ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed titanium alloy-ceramic powder; and the uniformly mixed powder is dried, then is put in a spark plasma sintering (SPS) machine for sintering according to set parameters, and is cooled along with a furnace to obtain a product. The method solves such defects as weak wear resistance, low strength and difficult preparation in a traditional medical titanium alloy, has such advantages as simple flow, low consumption, environmental protection, easiness in operation and low cost, and is liable to realize industrial production.