The invention discloses a manufacturing method capable of improving the surface quality of a low carbon and boron steel wire rod. The manufacturing method comprises continuous casting and hot rolling. In the continuous casting process, conditions are controlled as follows: the superheat degree is controlled at 25 to 40 DEG C, the continuous casting speed is 2.6 to 2.85 m/min, the crystallizer cooling water amount is 1,680 to 1,720 L/min, the vibration frequency of a crystallizer is 160 to 200 Hz, and the amplitude is 6.5 to 8.0 mm. According to the manufacturing method, by optimal adjustment of continuous casting crystallizer process parameters and secondary cooling process parameters, initial stepped cooling of the surface of a continuous casting billet is realized, and the heat stress in a continuous casting process is reduced; meanwhile, a high-temperature fragile region caused by adding of a boron element in low carbon and boron steel is avoided; formation of a crack defect on the surface of a low carbon and boron steel continuous casting billet can be effectively prevented, and control over the surface quality of the low carbon and boron steel wire rod finished product is facilitated; and due to the influence of BN (boron nitride) on high-temperature plasticity in heating and rolling processes of the low carbon and boron steel billet, the influence of improper control over the rolling temperature of the low carbon and boron steel on the surface quality of the wire rod finished product is reduced or eliminated.