The invention provides a heavy aluminum profile drawing machine upper and lower jaw synchronous clamping device and method. A drawing machine comprises a drawing head and jaws arranged on the drawing head. The jaws include the upper jaw and the lower jaw. Upper jaw driving oil cylinders, lower jaw driving oil cylinders, synchronous motors and a hydraulic system are involved. Cylinder blocks of the upper jaw driving oil cylinders are connected with the drawing head, piston rods are connected with the upper jaw, cylinder blocks of the lower jaw driving oil cylinders are connected with the drawing head, and piston rods are connected with the lower jaw. Through comprehensive application of the synchronous motors, a fluid replenishing valve, sequence valves and an overflow valve, synchronous clamping of the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the heavy aluminum drawing machine is achieved, and it is guaranteed that aluminum profiles are not prone to falling off during drawing.