The invention relates to a fault self-processing control method of a high-voltage DC circuit breaker, which comprises the following steps: receiving a detection signal; when a fault occurs, disconnecting a main branch system; conducting a transfer branch for current limiting control; and meanwhile recording the time of current limiting; determining the maximum value of detection energy and whether the detected fault is cleared or not; if in a preset first period, the maximum value of detection energy does not exceed the preset energy value, clearing the fault and conducting the main branch system so that it restores to the normal operation; and if the current limiting time exceeds the preset first time or the maximum value of the energy exceeds the preset energy value, disconnecting the transfer branch. The present invention provide a fault self-processing control method for handling DC side faults of different types and in different severity so as to enhance the stability and reliability of system operation.