The invention discloses a device detection and early fault warning system and method in a cloud computing environment. The system comprises a real-time monitoring module, a monitoring information presentation module, an early fault warning module and a warning module. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, real-time monitoring is conducted, wherein real-time information collection is conducted, and the real-time information is aggregated and presented; secondly, early fault warning analysis is conducted, wherein the collected information is subjected to early fault warning analysis; thirdly, a warning mechanism is triggered, wherein early warning information is classified. The device detection and early fault warning system and method can support protocols, autonomously and controllably select detecting indexes, adapt to different monitoring modes, customizing warning triggering conditions, extending the number of monitoring devices on a large scale and the like according to the types and the number of devices in a cloud computing data center, collection, monitoring, warning and fault positioning can be intensively conducted in a unified system, and the operation and maintenance efficiency is effectively improved.