The invention relates to an identification and screening method of field water-saving high-yield wheat varieties. The method involves morphological indexes and physiological indexes of wheat. According to the method, irrigation measures, including double irrigations (jointing irrigation and filling irrigation), single irrigation (jointing irrigation) and full rain-feeding, are taken during the whole growth period after wheat seeding, and morphological indexes of seed root, plant height and flag leaf, as well as physiological indexes of plot canopy temperature and chlorophyll content in the flag leaf are evaluated. High-yield varieties under different water-saving irrigation conditions can be screened and identified conveniently and quickly, and guidance is provided for breeding workers and production practice.