The invention discloses an automatic poultry breeding system which comprises a water curtain room, a breeding room, a negative-pressure fan, a cooling water curtain, a top table, an umbrella table and an umbrella table supporting column. The breeding room is of a cylindrical cavity structure, a plurality of air leaking holes are formed in the cylindrical wall face of the breeding room and are uniformly distributed in the cylindrical wall face of the breeding room in a circumferential array mode, the water curtain room is of a square cavity structure, and the breeding room is located in the inner cavity of the water curtain room, and the breeding room and the water curtain room are equal in height. Compared with a traditional breeding room structure, the breeding room is simple in structure, a unique cooling transition cavity form is adopted to form a cold air interlayer on the periphery of the breeding room, so that a cooling effect is more obvious and the temperature retentivity is strong, and a spiral breeding line makes the space of the breeding room maximized.