Disclosed is a symmetrical detachable elastic clamping tool. The symmetrical detachable elastic clamping tool comprises a frame body. Supporting bases which are symmetrically distributed are fixedly arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the frame body. Clamping portions which are symmetrically distributed in an up-and-down mode are further fixedly arranged on the frame body, and connected with the supporting bases through connecting rod assemblies. Clamping blocks are arranged inside the clamping portions. One end of each clamping block is externally connected with a driving cylinder through a power rod piece, and the other end of each clamping block is fixed to the frame body through an elastic rod piece. A workpiece to be clamped is arranged inside the clamping blocks. According to the symmetrical detachable elastic clamping tool, the workpiece to be clamped is placed between the first clamping block and the second clamping block separated from the first clamping block, first mechanical claws and second mechanical claws conduct primary clamping on the workpiece under the action of an elastic stretching part and an elastic supporting rod, then the driving cylinder is started to drive the power rod piece to be applied to the second clamping block, and final clamping is conducted on the workpiece; and after machining of the workpiece is accomplished, the driving cylinder is stopped, the power rod piece resets, the workpiece is taken out, and therefore elastic accurate clamping of the workpiece is achieved.