The present invention designs a high-frequency sine calibration light-based laser light deflection correction device and method. The components of the device include an infrared tunable laser source, a visible light laser source, an optical fiber coupler, a collimator, a photoelectric detector and the like. The method comprises the following steps that: the laser light sources are controlled to respectively output calibration light signals and detection light signals in the form of high-frequency sine waves and scanning sawtooth waves; after passing through a measured temperature region, calibration light and detection light are both influenced by a light deflection effect, and the light intensity of the calibration light and detection light fluctuates; a receiving end adopts the wide-band photoelectric detector to simultaneously detect the calibration light signals and the detection light signals; the actually measured amplitude variation of the sine calibration light is extracted, light intensity fluctuation caused by the light deflection effect is obtained; and a coefficient curve is used to correct the detection light signals, and therefore, the influence of light deflection is eliminated, only information corresponding to laser absorption in the detection light is retained, and thus, the correction of the light deflection effect can be realized. The device and method have an important use value and a broad application prospect in the application of laser absorption spectroscopy.