The present invention discloses a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm-based vehicle scheduling method and device. The invention aims to solve a vehicle scheduling problem with client waiting time and goods delivery vehicle cost adopted as optimization objectives. The vehicle scheduling method includes the following steps that: a vehicle cost and client waiting time double-objective optimization model is constructed; each target particle is coded, and coding results are obtained; each target particle is calculated based on the double-objective optimization model, and calculation results are obtained; optimization operation is performed on each target particle according to the calculation results and the coding results, so that optimization results can be obtained; and decoding operation is performed on the optimization results, the optimal driving routes of target vehicles are obtained, and the target vehicles are scheduled according to the optimal driving routes. According to the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm-based vehicle scheduling method and device of the invention, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved and applied to the vehicle scheduling of a logistics center, and therefore, vehicle cost can be saved for the logistics center, the waiting time of clients can be reduced, and better user experience can be provided for the clients.