The invention discloses a concrete freezing and thawing test device and test method. The test device comprises a test box, wherein the test box comprises an upper accommodating chamber and a lower accommodating chamber; a third hydraulic cylinder is fixed on a separation plate; a telescopic end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with a U-shaped groove; a discharging device is arranged on the top surface of the upper accommodating chamber; a regulating mechanism is fixed on the top surface of the test box; a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder are fixed on the side wall of the upper accommodating chamber; the telescopic end of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly provided with a first extruding block; the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly provided with a second extruding block; pressure measuring devices are respectively fixed between the first extruding block and the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber, and between the second extruding block and the inner side wall of the accommodating chamber; a refrigeration fan is fixed in the upper accommodating chamber; an electric box is fixed on the side wall of the upper part of the test box. The test device and the test method disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that the intelligent degree is high; the operation and the use are convenient and fast; the test effect is relatively good; the test method is relatively simple.