The invention discloses a quick tensioning mechanism for a woodworking band saw machine and the woodworking band saw machine. The quick tensioning mechanism comprises a tensioning frame, a tensioning assembly, a cam assembly, a guiding element and an upper wheel shaft assembly, and the tensioning frame is fixed to a machine body of the woodworking band saw machine; the tensioning assembly penetrates the tensioning frame and can perform lifting movement relative to the tensioning frame; the cam assembly is connected with the tensioning assembly; when the cam assembly is driven, the tensioning assembly can be lifted and released; the guiding element is connected with the tensioning assembly, so that the guiding element and the tensioning assembly can synchronously move; the guiding element is connected with the tensioning frame at the same time, so that the guiding element and the tensioning frame can perform lifting movement; the upper wheel shaft assembly is connected with the guiding element, so that the upper wheel shaft assembly can swing around the axis of the guiding element; and the upper wheel shaft assembly is connected with an upper saw wheel of the woodworking band saw machine, so that when the upper wheel shaft assembly is driven, the upper saw wheel can be driven to synchronously move. The quick tensioning mechanism has the beneficial effects that the quick tensioning mechanism is applicable to operation of the small band saw machine, the space of the band saw machine is saved, split swinging of the quick tensioning mechanism can be achieved, and the swinging precision is improved.