The invention relates to a bio-based porous carbon reinforced modification polyurethane composite material which comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of polypropylene glycol, 28-36 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 18-25 parts of 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl-methane, 1-20 parts of bio-based porous carbon and 3-10 parts of a coupling agent. In the composite material, the bio-based porous carbon is made by taking natural bamboos or bamboo shoots as a raw material, is simple in preparation process and can be produced industrially in large scale; the prepared polyurethane composite material has excellent tensile property, heat stability and friction-reducing and wear-resisting features, thereby having high production value and use value and being wide in market prospect.